import java.io.File
import java.net.URI

internal object Resources {
  private fun String.toURI(): URI =
      Resources.javaClass.classLoader.getResource(this)?.toURI()
          ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Cannot find Resource: $this")
          
  fun resourceAsText(fileName: String): String = File(fileName.toURI()).readText()

  fun resourceAsLines(fileName: String): List<String> = File(fileName.toURI()).readLines()

  fun resourceAsLineChunks(fileName: String, delimiter: String = "\n\n"): List<List<String>> =
      resourceAsText(fileName).split(delimiter).map { it.lines().takeWhile { !it.isEmpty() }.toList() }

  fun resourceAsString(fileName: String, delimiter: String = ""): String =
      resourceAsLines(fileName).reduce { a, b -> "$a$delimiter$b" }

  fun resourceAsListOfInt(fileName: String): List<Int> =
      resourceAsLines(fileName).map { it.toInt() }

  fun resourceAsListOfLong(fileName: String): List<Long> =
      resourceAsLines(fileName).map { it.toLong() }
}

/**
 * Extracts all digit characters from a string as numbers.
 *
 * @return A list of all digits in the input String as Ints.
 */
private fun String.extractDigitsPart1(): List<Int> {
    // Take the string, convert to a list of characters, filter to
    // only characters that are digits, then convert those digit
    // characters to integers.
    return this.toList().filter(Char::isDigit).map(Char::digitToInt)
}

/**
 * Derive the calibration value from a list of numbers
 *
 * This function "concatenates" the first digit in a list of numbers and the 
 * last digit in a list of
 * numbers into a single two-digit number.
 *
 * @return The calibration value extracted from a list of numbers.
 */
private fun List<Int>.toCalibrationValue(): Int {
    // This works because the 'numbers' are all single digits. So, it's
    // the ten's place * 10 plus the one's place (times 1, technically).
    return (this.first() * 10) + this.last()
}

class Day01(input: List<String>) {

    private val input = input

    // In part one, the valid numbers in the string are all digits.
    // Take the input, extract all the digits from each line, then 
    // sum the calibration values of each line.
    fun solvePart1(): Int = input
        .map(String::extractDigitsPart1)
        .sumOf { it.toCalibrationValue() }
}

/**
 * Extract all digits from a string as numbers
 *
 * This function also extracts digits in "word" form, such as "one" or "two". 
 * Note, this function will also extract number-words whose letters overlap, 
 * such as "twoone" or "fiveight".
 *
 * @return A list of all digits in the input String as Ints.
 */
private fun String.extractDigitsPart2(): List<Int> {
    val pattern = """(?=(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|\d))"""

    // Because we have to account for overlaps, I'm using the "non-consuming" regular
    // expression above. This does weird things (IMO) to the match values, causing
    // `findAll()` to return a list of values for each match where the first value
    // is an empty string. Probably just means I need to learn more about regex.
    // Regardless, the result is that I need to flatten the results and remove empty
    // strings before converting the matches to numbers.
    return Regex(pattern)
            .findAll(this)
            .flatMap { it.groupValues }
            .filter(String::isNotBlank)
            .map(String::toNumberUnchecked)
            .toList()
}

/**
 * Convert a String to an Int
 *
 * This function will numeric strings _and_ words that represent digits into
 * integers.
 *
 * @return The Int representation of a String
 */
private fun String.toNumberUnchecked(): Int {
    // I wouldn't recommend using this in production anywhere, since we're
    // not actually checking to see whether any numeric strings are
    // (a) valid numbers or (b) single digits. Just gotta count on the
    // puzzle input for this one.
    return when (this) {
        "one" -> 1
        "two" -> 2
        "three" -> 3
        "four" -> 4
        "five" -> 5
        "six" -> 6
        "seven" -> 7
        "eight" -> 8
        "nine" -> 9
        else -> toInt()
    }
}

class Day01(input: List<String>) {

    private val input = input

    // In part one, the valid numbers in the string are all digits
    fun solvePart1(): Int = input
        .map(String::extractDigitsPart1)
        .sumOf { it.toCalibrationValue() }

    // In part two, we also have to account for "number-words" like "one" 
    // and "twone"
    fun solvePart2(): Int = input
        .map(String::extractDigitsPart2)
        .sumOf { it.toCalibrationValue() }
}